Comparative study of brainstem auditory evoked responses in females having premenstrual symptoms with normal population

Background: Premenstrual symptoms (PMS) have largely been ignored, because ages so present study are done in females specifically having PMS comparing with females with no PMS. Very little work has been done in past in this field, because females revealing menstrual history are a big taboo in our society. Aim and Objective: The aim of this study was to study brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) in females having premenstrual symptoms and comparing it with females having no premenstrual symptoms. Materials and Methods: BAEP was conducted on 60 females age group of 18–40 years in two groups in Research laboratory, Department of Physiology, Lala Lajpat Rai Memorial Medical College in collaboration with SVBP Hospital, Meerut for 6 months. The subjects were divided into two groups, Group A having premenstrual symptoms and Group B having no premenstrual symptoms. The test was conducted in later part of luteal phase 23rd–25th day of menstrual cycle. The absolute latencies (ALs) and interpeak latencies (IPLs) were the parameters measured for the analysis of BAEP. Results: IPL, that is, interpeak latencies I–III and III–V in age group 18–25 years, showed statistically significant decrease in luteal phase in females having premenstrual syndrome (PMS) as compared to normal cycling females. Conclusion: Premenstrual symptoms females are showing few significant changes in auditory responses at mid brain level as recorded by BAEP study which can be due to the modulatory effect of female gonadal hormones progesterone and estrogen on neurotransmitters (serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and glutamate) in central nervous system.

Brain stem auditory evoked potential response in neonates after recovery from hyperbilirubinemia: A neurophysiological approach to screening neuronal hearing loss

Objectives: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia leads to neurological damages including encephalopathy and hearing loss. This study aimed to screen and evaluate the hearing loss in neonates after recovery from hyperbilirubinemia using the Brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) test. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in Physiology Department at Chitwan Medical College, Nepal. It included 20 age and sex-matched neonates recently recovered from hyperbilirubinemia and 20 normal healthy controls. The external acoustic canals of subjects were checked for any blockage or collapse before BERA testing. The BERA recordings were performed after the neonate’s natural sleep following a standard lab protocol explained by Taylor’s Evoked Potential in Clinical Testing. Results: The BERA wave latencies were delayed with a higher number of case group neonates I (IL-75%, IR-80%), III (IIIL-70%, III R-80%), and V (VL- 80%, VR-85%) than those of controls. The percentage of neonates with delayed interwave latencies was comparable between groups. The neonate’s hearing sensitivity assessed using the grades of hearing impairment by WHO revealed slight (threshold of hearing left ear [THL]-25% and threshold of hearing right ear [THR]-30%) and moderate (THL-40% and THR-35%) grades among cases whereas no impairment (THL-60% and THR-55%) in controls. The hearing thresholds were more in cases. Conclusion: The auditory pathway is highly sensitive to elevated serum bilirubin. BERA detects even a minute degree of hearing damage seen after complete treatment of hyperbilirubinemia. Therefore, BERA is a helpful tool in the early screening of hearing impairment in neonates. This improves prognosis by early management so that the neurosensory systems develop to their full extent and one can enjoy a normal social life.

Brainstem auditory evoked potential combined with high resolution cranial base CT can optimize the diagnosis of auditory nerve injury / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#Auditory nerve injury is one of the most common nerve injury complications of skull base fractures. However, there is currently a lack of auxiliary examination methods for its direct diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to find a more efficient and accurate means of diagnosis for auditory nerve injury.@*METHODS@#Through retrospectively analyzing the results of brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) and high-resolution CT (HRCT) in 37 patients with hearing impairment following trauma from January 1, 2018 to July 31, 2020, the role of the two inspection methods in the diagnosis of auditory nerve injury was studied. Inclusion criteria were patient had a clear history of trauma and unilateral hearing impairment after trauma; while exclusion criteria were: (1) severe patient with a Glasgow coma scale score ≤5 because these patients were classified as severe head injury and admitted to the intensive care unit, (2) patient in the subacute stage admitted 72 h after trauma, and (3) patient with prior hearing impairment before trauma. According to Goodman's classification of hearing impairment, the patients were divided into low/medium/severe injury groups. In addition, patients were divided into HRCT-positive and negative groups for further investigation with their BAEP results. The positive rates of BEAP for each group were observed, and the results were analyzed by Chi-square test (p < 0.05, regarded as statistical difference).@*RESULTS@#A total of 37 patients were included, including 21 males and 16 females. All of them were hospitalized patients with GCS score of 6-15 at the time of admission. The BAEP positive rate in the medium and severe injury group was 100%, which was significantly higher than that in the low injury group (27.27%) (p < 0.01). The rate of BEAP positivity was significantly higher in the HRCT-positive group (20/30, 66.7%) than in the HRCT-negative group (1/7, 14.3%) (p < 0.05). Twenty patients (54.05%) were both positive for BEAP and HRCT test, and considered to have auditory nerve damage. Six patients (16.22%) were both negative for BEAP and HRCT test, and 10 patients (27.03%) were BAEP-negative but HRCT-positive: all the 16 patients were considered as non-neurological injury. The rest 1 case (2.70%) was BAEP-positive but HRCT-negative, which we speculate may have auditory nerve concussion.@*CONCLUSION@#By way of BAEP combining with skull base HRCT, we may improve the accuracy of the diagnosis of auditory nerve injury. Such a diagnostic strategy may be beneficial to guiding treatment plans and evaluating prognosis.

Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials in infants aged 1 to 24 months during a hearing health care service

OBJECTIVES: Assessing infants' hearing is of utmost importance, as hearing at this phase is required for the development of oral language. Through hearing, human beings are capable of developing communication. The Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials are an indispensable test to diagnose deafness in infants. This study aimed to analyze the results of the Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials in children with risk factors for hearing loss. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed the Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials in 123 infants aged 1 to 24 months at a hearing health care service. The Vivosonic Integrity V500 equipment, which enabled the child to be awake while the testing was carried out, was used in this study. The data were compared by gestational age and sex, according to the standards suggested in the equipment handbook. RESULTS: A significant difference was verified for age ranges 4 to 6 months, 13 to 15 months (waves I and V), and 7 to 9 months (wave V). The lower values in absolute wave latencies were comparable to data from the equipment handbook, justifying the need for standardization of the screening process. CONCLUSION: There are some differences between the standards in the equipment handbook and those observed in our study. These results will serve as a reference for the standardization of the equipment used in the hearing health care service.

Application of N-methyl-aspartate receptor antibody level, brainstem auditory evoked potential and magnetic resonance imaging in the differential diagnosis of encephalitis in children / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#To explore the clinical value of serum N-methyl-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibody level, brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the differential diagnosis of viral encephalitis and anti-NMDAR encephalitis.@*Methods@#The clinical data of 68 children patients with encephalitis were retrospectively analyzed. The patients diagnosed with viral encephalitis were included in V group (n=52), and the patients diagnosed with anti-NMDAR encephalitis were included in N group (n=16). The clinical characteristics, serum NMDAR antibody level, and BAEP and MRI findings were compared between the two groups.@*Results@#The age, disease duration, abnormal behavior rate, sleep disorder rate and epileptic seizure rate in V group were significantly lower than those in N group [(6.62±1.20)Y/O vs.(8.46±1.85)Y/O, (3.53±0.71)d vs.(4.49±0.82)d, 30.77%(16/52)vs. 75.00%(12/16), 21.15%(11/52)vs. 62.50%(10/16), 26.92%(14/52)vs. 56.25%(9/16), t=4.681, t=4.560, χ2=9.882, χ2=7.958, χ2=4.701], while the abnormal rate of video EEG was significantly higher than that in N group [51.92(27/52)vs. 81.25%(13/16), χ2=4.345] (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in gender, rates of prodromic infection symptoms, cognitive impairment, fever, headache, convulsion and incidence rate of meningeal irritation sign (P>0.05). The serum NMDAR antibody level in V group was significantly lower than that in N group [(3.40±0.69) ng/ml vs.(13.95±2.78) ng/ml t=25.319)] (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the BAEP apparent involvement range and central auditory neurological damage between the two groups (P>0.05), but the peripheral auditory nerve damage and total BAEP abnormality rate in V group were significantly lower than those in N group [3.85%(4/104)vs. 21.88%(7/32), 6.73%(7/104)vs. 28.12%(9/32), 30.77%(16/52)vs. 62.50%(10/16), χ2=10.699, χ2=10.790, χ2=5.216] (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in MRI signal intensity, lesion involvement range and total abnormal rate between the two groups (all P>0.05).@*Conclusions@#There were significant differences in serum NMDAR antibody level and BAEP test results among children patients with viral encephalitis or anti-NMDAR encephalitis, and they are helpful for early differential diagnosis.

Study of brainstem auditory evoked potentials in children with Bell's palsy / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective To evaluate the function of auditory nerve and brainstem in children with Bell's palsy by using brainstem auditory evoked potential ( BAEP) . Methods A retrospective study was car-ried in total of 69 patients with Bell's palsy admitted in the pediatric department of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from January 2017 to January 2018. There were 33 males and 36 females,aged 1 to 12 years old. Sixty healthy children served as control group. BAEP were determined in 69 patients and 60 healthy subjects. EEG and CT or MRI of brain were performed to exclud tumor,intracranial infection and so on. The patients in the case group were divided into 2 groups:1-3 years old group (38 cases) and 4-12 years old group (31 cases). Sixty healthy children were also divided into 2 groups:1-3 years old group (30 cases) and 4-12 years old group (30 cases). Results The hearing threshold was normal in the children of the control group. There was no significant difference not only in potential latency but also internal potential latency of BAEP between right and left ear. The abnormal rate of BAEP was 39. 1％ ( 27/69 ) in case groups,19 cases of them recovered(70. 4％,19/27) after 2 weeks of clinical treatment. Another 8 patients re-covered after 2 months. The abnormality rate of EEG was 5. 8％ (4/69),and the abnormality rate of CT or MRI in head was 14. 5％ (10/69). Both were nonspecific changes. In the two groups,Ⅰ-Ⅲinternal potential latency was significantly shortened ( P <0. 05 ) , and Ⅲ-Ⅴinternal potential latency was significantly pro-longed (P<0. 05)respectively,between the normal side and abnormal side. There were significant differences in the Ⅲ potential latency(P<0. 05),Ⅰ-Ⅲinternal potential latency (P<0. 01),and Ⅲ-Ⅴ internal poten-tial latency ( P <0. 01 ) respectively, between pretherapy and post-treatment. Conclusion Bell's palsy of children could cause abnormal of auditory nerve conduction,and BAEP could find the electro physiologic ab-normality in nervous system,and guide clinical intervention.

Application of brainstem auditory evoked potentials in diagnosis of brain death / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic validity of application of brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) as an ancillary test in patients with brain death.Methods A prospective observational study was conducted. Adult patients (≥ 18 years) with brain death were consecutively admitted to the Department of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from July 2015 to June 2017, and they further underwent BAEP monitoring. The following findings: absence of all waveforms at bilateral sides, absence of all waveforms except wave-Ⅰonly present at bilateral orunilateral side were set as the positive criteria of BAEP for the diagnosis of brain death, and its diagnostic sensitivity (SEN), positive predictive value (PPV) and false negative rate (FNR) were further assessed.Results A total of 47 patients were enrolled in the study, and the 43 complete BAEP results were analyzed. The SEN, PPV and FNR of the above 3 types of diagnostic criteria (absence of all waveforms, and unilateral or bilateral presence of wave-Ⅰ only) were 100% [95% confidence interval (95%CI) 90-100], 100% (95%CI 89-100), and 0% (95%CI 0-9), respectively.Conclusion As an ancillary test, BAEP has extremely high validity for the diagnosis of patients with brain death, thus it should be used more extensively in clinical practice.

Application of Blink Reflex and Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential in Brain Stem Function Evaluation of Patients with Consciousness Disorder / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To explore the characteristics of blink reflex (BR) and brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) in patients with consciousness disorder and the role of BR and BAEP in the evaluation of brain stem function. Methods From January to December, 2015, 31 patients with consciousness disorder were examined with BAEP, BR and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and the outcome was record-ed one month after examination. Results BAEP and BR were positively related with GCS score (r≥0.562, P<0.05) and outcome (χ2=9.644, P<0.01). Conclusion Both BR and BAEP can reflect the brain stem function and respective pathway. Their combination could provide ob-jective basis for prognosis evaluation.

Application of Blink Reflex and Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential in Brain Stem Function Evaluation of Patients with Consciousness Disorder / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To explore the characteristics of blink reflex (BR) and brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) in patients with consciousness disorder and the role of BR and BAEP in the evaluation of brain stem function. Methods From January to December, 2015, 31 patients with consciousness disorder were examined with BAEP, BR and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and the outcome was record-ed one month after examination. Results BAEP and BR were positively related with GCS score (r≥0.562, P<0.05) and outcome (χ2=9.644, P<0.01). Conclusion Both BR and BAEP can reflect the brain stem function and respective pathway. Their combination could provide ob-jective basis for prognosis evaluation.

Timing of evoked potentials forecasting the prognosis of patients with severe cerebrovascular disease / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective To investigate the effectiveness and the best assessment time of the short-latency somatosensory evoked potential (SLSEP) and brainstem auditory-evoked potential (BAEP) in the prognosis prediction of patients with severe cerebrovascular disease. Methods A prospective trial was conducted. The patients with severe cerebrovascular disease and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) ≤ 8 and admitted to the neurological intensive care unit (NICU) of Armed Police Logistics College Affiliated Brain Hospital from December 2014 to May 2015 were enrolled. The patients received SLSEP and BAEP nerve electrophysiological examinations within 24 hours and on 3, 7, 15 days after admission respectively and were graded according to Cant method. GCS was evaluated within 24 hours and on 15 days after admission. The prognosis was evaluated by Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) at six months after the onset of the disease. At different time windows after the onset of the disease, the correlations between different predictive indexes (GCS, SLSEP and BAEP) and outcome (GOS) were analyzed using spearman rank correlation; in the mean time, the efficacy for predicting the prognosis by single index or combined indexes was compared by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. Results Seventy-eight patients were enrolled [men 46, women 32, age range (60.79±12.50) years old]. There were 78, 64, 44 and 19 patients observed at 24 hours and on 3, 7, 15 days after admission because the short-term death of some patients. The graded abnormal rate of SLSEP was 75.64%, 82.81%, 79.55% and 73.98% respectively; and the graded abnormal rate of BAEP was 82.05%, 84.38%, 85.94% and 73.68% respectively. ① Correlation analysis: all the predictors were correlated with GOS within 24 hours and on 3, 7, 15 days after admission, and SLSEP and BAEP grading were moderately correlated with GOS (0.4≤|R| < 0.7). ② The accuracy of the predicting prognosis: the area under the curve (AUC) of GCS on 15 days after admission [AUC = 0.772, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.561-0.984, P = 0.045] was the maximum when predicting survival. AUC of SLSEP (AUC = 0.825, 95%CI = 0.695-0.955, P = 0.000) and BAEP (AUC = 0.786, 95%CI = 0.646-0.927, P = 0.002) were the maximum on 7 days after admission when predicting death. ③ The effectiveness of the prognosis prediction: the sensitivity of SLSEP grading and BAEP grading were 92.6% and 96.3% respectively, while the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of SLSEP and BAEP combined prediction were 100% on 7 days after admission. The specificity of GCS was 100% on 15 days after admission. Conclusions SLSEP and BAEP have more close correlation with prognosis compared with the GCS; Continuous dynamic combined evaluation of SLSEP and BAEP has important clinical value for patients with severe cerebrovascular disease possess in the prognosis assessment, the accuracy and the effectiveness of SLSEP and BAEP combined prediction were higher on 7 days especially.

Hearing Screening and Follow-up of High Risk Infant / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To explore the hearing screening, and the change and outcome of hearing impairment of high risk infants. Meth-ods From March, 2015 to March, 2016, 336 high risk infants were screened with otoacoustic emissions (OAE), auditory brainstem response (ABR) and brainstem auditory evoked-potential (BAEP) 0-1, 3, 6, 12 months after born, respectively. Results Among the 336 high risk in-fants, 29 failed the examinations within the 1st month, 37 cases failed in the 3rd month, 27 cases recovered in the 9th month, and 7 cases re-covered in the 12th month, 3 cases were finally diagnosed as deafness (0.89%). Conclusion OAE, ABR combining with BAEP examination may obtain comprehensive diagnosis of hearing impairment for high risk infants, continuous listening comprehension monitoring can effec-tively dynamically observe the hearing impairment, changes and outcome of high risk infants.

Effect of Zhuang Medicine Acupuncture on Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential in Patients with Posterior Circulation Ischemic Vertigo / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of Zhuang medicine acupuncture on brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) in patients with posterior circulation ischemic vertigo (PCIV).Methods Eighty-five PCIV patients were randomly allocated to a treatment group of 45 cases and a control group of 40 cases. The control group received conventional basic therapy and the treatment group, Zhuang medicine acupuncture in addition. The peak latencies (Pg) of BAEP waveⅠ ,Ⅰ andⅠ and the interpeak latencies (IPg) of waveⅠ-Ⅰ,Ⅰ-Ⅰ andⅠ-Ⅰ were compared between the two groups after treatment.Results There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in waveⅠ andⅠ Pg and waveⅠ-Ⅰ andⅠ-Ⅰ IPg between the treatment and control groups (P<0.05).Conclusions Zhuang medicine acupuncture plus medication is an effective way to treat PCIV. It can improve BAEP indicators in the patients.

Cerebral function assessment in the acute phase of neonatal bacterial meningitis caused by different pathogens / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the common pathogens of neonatal bacterial meningitis in the past 5 years,and to evaluate the brain injury in the acute phase through amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG),brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) and brain MRI.Methods Sixty children were selected from the past 5 years who were treated in Department of Neonatology,Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center in March 2011 to March 2015 as the objects of study.According to the results of etiological culture,the children were divided into streptococcus lactis group (14 cases),escherichia coli group (10 cases),other positive bacteria group (11cases) and culture-negative group (25 cases).The results of aEEG,BAEP and brain MRI of brain injury in the acute phase of these 4 groups were compared.Results Twenty-nine cases of the 60 patients (48.3％) showed positive blood culture,and 14 cases (23.3％) showed positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture.Streptococcus lactics and escherichia coli were found to be the most common pathogens that caused neonatal bacterial meningitis.By evaluating the cerebral function in the acute phase of 57 cases,it was found that aEEG total abnormal rate was 61.4％,escherichia coli group abnormal rate was 80.0％,while moderate to severe damage seemed to be the most remarkable feature.The abnormal rate was of statistical significance between escherichia coli group and culture-negative group (x2 =3.941,P =0.047).Forty-eight cases manifested potential anomaly evoked by brainstem auditory,with the total abnormal rate as 84.2％.A significant increase in the ratio of severe hearing loss was found in children with bacterial meningitis which was caused by escherichia coli and streptococcus agalactiae.The abnormal rate was of statistical significance between escherichia coli group and culture-negative group (x2 =4.399,P =0.036),and hearing damage caused by escherichia coli was more serious than that in other bacteria group.Of these 57 cases,MRI total abnormal rate was 77.2％,with hydrocephalus as the most common complication.Of the 44 abnormal cases,16 cases showed hydrocephalus,6 cases of which were from the escherichia coli group.The second most common complication was subdural effusion.And another 5 cases showed cerebral softening,3 cases of which were from the escherichia coli group.The data suggested that escherichia coli meningitis easily combined hydrocephalus and brain softening.Conclusions The main pathogens of neonatal bacterial meningitis is streptococcus agalactiae and escherichia coli.The brain injury in neonatal bacterial meningitis caused by escherichia coli is more serious than those caused by other pathogens.

Effects of Erythropoietin on Nerve Function and Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential in the Preterm Chil-dren with Brain Damage / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects and safety of erythropoietin on nerve function and brainstem auditory evoked potential in the preterm children with brain damage. METHODS:46 preterm children with brain damage were randomly di-vided into treatment group and control group,with 23 cases in each group. Control group received conventional symptomatic treat-ment as respiratory support,nutritional support,vitamin K supplement and ganglioside. Treatment group was additionally given rhE-PO for injection (CHO cell) 500 IU/kg hypodermically,3 times a week,on the basis of control group. Both group received 3-4 weeks of treatment continuously. MDI,PDI,the content of serum nerve injury factor(NSE,S-100β),latent period and peak inter-val of brainstem auditory evoked potential were compared between 2 groups before and after treatment,and the occurrence of ADR was observed in 2 groups. RESULTS:There was no statistical significance in MDI,PDI,the content of serum nerve injury mole-cule,latent period and peak interval of brainstem auditory evoked potential between 2 groups before treatment (P>0.05). After treatment,MDI and PDI of 2 groups increased significantly,while the content of serum nerve injury factor,latent period and peak interval of brainstem auditory evoked potential decreased significantly;the treatment group was better than the control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). No obvious ADR was found in 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS:Erythropoietin can significantly im-prove intelligence development,protect the damaged nerve cells and auditory nerve pathways with good safety.

Diagnostic value of brainstem auditory evoked potential combining with Doppler ultrasound in ;elderly patients with vertigo / 中国医学装备

Objective: To explore the diagnostic value of brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) combining with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) in elderly patients with vertigo. Methods:54 cases of elder patients with confirmed in elderly patients with vertigo were selected as the observation group and 51 patients without vertigo and neurological signs were selected as the control group. Two groups of patients were underwent brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) combining with Doppler ultrasonography, which were examined in carotid artery, internal carotid artery and other arteries by Doppler ultrasound. The peak latency and I, II and V wave amplitude were measured by brainstem auditory evoked potential, and the pulsation index and resistance index (RI) were compared between the two groups. Results: Patients in the observation group probability was significantly higher than the control group in the basilar artery stenosis, unilateral vertebral artery stenosis, bilateral vertebral artery stenosis and unilateral vertebral artery hypoplasia(x2=8.872, x2=8.523, x2=11.238, x2=12.351;P<0.01). There were differences between them. The comparison between V wave peak latencies and III~V wave peak latencies were significantly different (t=4.381, P<0.01). The total abnormal rate in the observation group (81.5%) was significantly higher than that of the control group(25.5%). The differences were statistically significant (x2=9.758, P<0.01). Conclusion: The diagnostic value was high for elderly patients with vertigo brainstem auditory evoked potential in combination with Doppler ultrasound.

Microvascular Decompression for Tinnitus / 한양의대학술지

Tinnitus had been considered a surgically incurable disease, given the failure of several treatment methods. Jannetta reported that tinnitus is one of the hyperactive diseases of the cranial nerve along with hemifacial spasm and trigeminal neuralgia (TGN). Microvascular decompression (MVD) of the eighth cranial nerve was introduced to treat medically intractable tinnitus. Intraoperative monitoring of brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) was able to reduce postoperative complication rates. Less than 1 ms of latency delay and a 40% decrease in amplitude of wave V of the brainstem evoked potential is a landmark of monitoring during surgery. Less than 6 years of duration of tinnitus, normal BAEP before surgery, no accompanying dizziness before surgery and a loop-type offending artery are effective factors for good surgical results of MVD.

Application of neural electrophysiological monitoring in facial nerve microvascular decompression / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective To expore the application of intraoperative neural electrophysiological monitoring in microvascular decompression (MVD)of idiopathic facial spasm (HFS), and to clarify the effect of MVD in increasing the operative efficacy of MVD and decreasing the postoperative complications.Methods From December 2010 to December 2014,163 patients with HFS received MVD were selected;from December 2010 to December 2010,73 patients with facial spasm without electrophysiological monitoring in the operation were used as control group;from January 2013 to December 2014,90 patients with facial spasm with BAEP/LSR/FN MEP monitoring in the operation were used as monitoring group.The postoperative efficiency of MVD and the occurrence of hearing loss,dizziness, facial paralysis and other complications after operation were compared between two groups. Results The immediate efficiency in monitoring group was 52.55% (47 cases), minor facial paralysis 1.11%(1 case),hearing loss and dizziness 5.56% (5 cases).The postoperative follow-up time was 6 to 12 months,an average of 9.6 months; the facial paralysis, hearing loss, and dizziness were significantly improved and the operation efficiency was 65.56% (59 cases).The Immediate efficiency in control group was 30.14% (22 cases), minor facial paralysis 13.69% (10 cases),hearing loss and dizziness 23.29% (17 cases);the postoperative follow-up time was 6 to 12 months,an average of 9.6 months;the facial paralysis,hearing loss,and dizziness were significantly improved, and the operation efficiency was 64.38% (47 cases ). The immediate surgery had statistically significant difference between two groups (P 0.05).The incidence of facial paralysis, hearing loss and the incidence of complications such as dizziness had statistically significant differences between two groups (P <0.05),and monitoring group was better than control group.Conclusion LSR monitoring can improve the short-term curative efficiency of facial nerve MVD,but the significance for the long-term curative efficiency is not obvious; BAEP, LSR and FN MEP monitoring have great significance in identification of responsibility vessel,judgement of decompression effect and surface and auditory nerves protection.

Application of ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in acute brainstem infarctions / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To explore the value of ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential in treating brainstem infarctions through comparing the characteristics ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) and brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) in patients with brainstem infarctions.Methods A total of 60 patients with brainstem infarctions were enrolled in a brainstem infarction (BI) group, while another sixty healthy volunteers were selected as the control group.All patients underwent oVEMP and BAEP tests via air-conducted stimuli.Results The oVEMPs were elicited reliably and stably in 58 of the control group, and 42 of the BI group, with the bilateral N1 and P1 latencies of oVEMP significantly prolonged [N1 (left) : 11.85 ± 0.82 ms, N1 (right) : 11.91 ± 0.86 ms, P1 (left) : 15.52 ± 1.61 ms, P1 (right) : 15.63 ± 1.64 ms respectively] and the bilateral N1-P1 amplitudes of oVEMP significantly reduced [1.23 ±0.42 μV (left) and 1.58 ± 0.70 μV (right) respectively].Moreover, no recordable oVEMPs was elicited in the other 18 patients, among which found 13 prolonged N1 latencies, 10 prolonged P1 latencies, 6 prolonged N1 and P1 latencies and 8 reduced N1-P1 amplitudes of oVEMP.Altogether, 45 abnormal oVEMPs were found, with an abnormal rate of 75％.The average peak latencies of Ⅴ waves [(5.98 ± 0.37) ms] and interpeak latencies of Ⅲ-Ⅴ and Ⅰ-Ⅴ waves [2.93 ± 0.34 ms and 4.96 ± 0.39 ms respectively] in the BI group were significantly prolonged compared to the controls (P＜ 0.01).The amplitude ratio of Ⅴ/Ⅰ (0.48 ± 0.10) in the BI group was significantly reduced compared to the controls (P ＜ 0.05).Forty-two abnormal BAEPs were found, with an abnormal rate of 75％ , including 17 prolonged latency of Ⅴ waves, 6 prolonged latency of Ⅲ waves, 15 prolonged interpeak latencies of Ⅲ-Ⅴ waves, 9 prolonged interpeak latencies of Ⅰ-Ⅴ waves, 11 cases of Ⅲ-Ⅴ interpeak latency larger than Ⅰ-Ⅲ interpeak latencies, 13 cases of the amplitude ratio of Ⅴ / Ⅰ smaller than 0.5 and 3 case of unclear waves.There were no significant differences in abnormal rate when using the oVEMP (42/60 and 75％) and BAEP (45/60 and 70％) testing However, the abnormal rate was 91.7％ when combining oVEMP with BAEP testing, significantly higher than that when only conducting BAEP testing.Conclusion Patients with brainstem infarctions have abnormalities in oVEMP.Combined with MRI and other electrophysiological testing, oVEMP may contribute to the diagnosis of brainstem infarctions.

Influence of the 3.0T magnetic resonance on the hearing of newborn infants / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To evaluate whether or not the 3.0T magnetic resonance (MR) scanner noise has adverse influence on neonatal hearing by using brainstem auditory evoked potentials(BAEP).Methods Forty-nine inpatients who received the MR examination were enrolled in this study from Aug.to Dec.2013,admitted to the Bayi Children's Hospital Affiliated to Beijing Military General Hospital.The Ⅰ,Ⅲ,Ⅴ wave latencies and the inter-peak intervals before and after the MR scan were compared by using SPSS 16.0 software.Results The BAEP results before and after MR examination respectively:(1) The latencies were:left ear Ⅰ wave (1.96 ± 0.22) ms vs (1.95 ± 0.30) ms,right ear Ⅰ wave (1.96 ± 0.22) ms vs (1.97 ± 0.27) ms,respectively; left ear Ⅲ wave (4.79 ± 0.23) ms vs (4.85 ± 0.28) ms,right earlllwave(4.78 ±0.24) ms vs (4.77 ±0.31) ms,respectively;left ear Ⅴ wave (7.10 ±0.24) ms vs (7.12 ±0.33) ms,right ear Ⅴ wave (6.76 ±0.32) ms vs (7.04 ±0.39) ms,respectively(allP ＞0.05).(2) The inter-peak intervals were:left ear Ⅰ-Ⅲ inter-peak interval (2.83 ± 0.23) ms vs (2.86 ± 0.27) ms,right ear Ⅰ-Ⅲ inter-peak interval (2.82 ± 0.24) ms vs (2.80 ± 0.17) ms,respectively ; left ear Ⅲ-Ⅴ inter-peak interval (2.31 ±0.28) ms vs (2.31 ±0.29) ms,right ear Ⅲ-Ⅴ inter-peak interval (2.26 ±0.27) ms vs (2.26 ±0.23) ms,respectively;left ear Ⅰ-Ⅴ inter-peak interval (5.11 ±0.40) ms vs (5.13 ±0.35) ms,right ear Ⅰ-Ⅴ inter-peak interval (5.07 ± 0.39) ms vs (5.07 ± 0.36) ms,respectively(all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The 3.0T MR may have no adverse influence on neonatal BAEP.

The value of BAEF in early diagnosis of acute bilirubin encephalopathy in newborn / 实用医学杂志

Objective Acute bilirubin encephalopathy in neonates is the most serious complication of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, is one of the main causes of neonatal death and disability. Clinical early diagnosis, early treatment can improve the prognosis in children. Methods Brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEF) was detected on two patients (40 patients with ABE, 40 cases of normal controls, all full-term) in the state of sleep in children and analysis the difference between the two groups ,all testing was completed by experienced Department of ENT full-time technician in charge,SPSS15.0 statistical analysis software was took for data analysis (using rank sum test method). Results There was significant difference between the two groups of neonatal latency of wave I, latency of waveⅤ, interpeak time , acute bilirubinⅠ-Ⅴencephalopathy group was significantly longer than that of the control group. Conclusions The BAEF detection is the sensitive index of brainstem damage , can objectively and sensitively reflect the function of the central nervous system , can reflect the functional status of cochlear and brainstem structures , often brainstem was slightly damaged but no clinical symptoms and signs , BAEP has changed significantly , so the conventional BAEP examination performed on patients with hyperbilirubinemia help to find bilirubin brain damage as early as possible,and prevent the occurrence of bilirubin encephalopathy.